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Week5. 15 March 2010 monday

Critical approach of post-positivistsenables to think about human security, environmental security, and etc.

CSS came at the end of the Cold War (reaction to it) and broadening research agenda.

* CSS critiques positivist realism:

- realist framework does not change. security always means same thing.

- nation-state system is not organic. it exists but not natural. it's a socially constructed system, thus it can be socially deconstructed.

- it's not a problem solving approach. positivists don't think in terms of changes in international system. they are just being reactive.

- absence of security failed. the issues like poverty and human insecurity.

- states focus on nation-state level of security. they are to ensure people's well-being but they do inappropriate things to their own people.

* Broadening Security:

Food security

Health security

Environmental security

Social (group) security

Energy security

Individual security

* Deepening Security:

it's not objective nor fixed.

Booth argues emancipation of individual is the key to security.

security is not about accumulation of power in anarchical status.

all fundamental assumptions realists make have to be challenged

emancipation is to find out the way to cooperate. in this case, everything is subjective.

freedom to think about your own values. <- this is different from liberalism which emphasises certain values.

should not impose certain values on others.

* Critiques of CSS

freedom to think about your own values. however, CSS would oppose to certain values (e.g. holocaust)

in this sense, it is not real post-positivism.