삶은 여행

본문

substitute service

The term 'substitute service' is consistently used for the service that a conscientious objector must perform instead of military service. Other sources may, unlike this report, use the misleading terms 'alternative service', 'civilian service' or even 'civil service'. The term 'alternative service' would suggest that conscripts were free to choose between military and alternative service and would completely
disguise the compulsory nature of military service. Substitute service is not really an alternative: at best it is a service an individual can be transferred to after making a formal request; at worst it is a terrible job imposed on a CO who has done his utmost to stay out of the armed forces.

The term 'civilian service' would be unsatisfactory too, as it would hide the compulsory nature of the service and it would lose the connection with compulsory military service. There are hardly any countries with compulsory civilian service; nearly everywhere civilian service has been instituted because it has been deemed essential that those conscientiously objecting to military service should not just be exempt, but should be required to perform substitute service.

The term 'civil service' would be very misleading, as in Britain someone in the 'civil service' is someone working for the government.

So in this report the term 'substitute service' is used. In some cases 'civilian substitute service' is used to indicate that the substitute service is a non-military service performed outside the armed forces.

*http://www.wri-irg.org/pdf/eu-rtba2008update-en.pdf