CHICAGO, July 25 - The huge split in organized labor has been fueled by stagnant living standards for many workers, by the ascendancy of the service sector and by labor''s lack of success in politics and unionizing workers. But as much as anything, the schism reflects the conflicting ambitions of two titans of labor, John J. Sweeney, the president of the A.F.L.-C.I.O., and his onetime protégé, Andrew L. Stern, the president of the Service Employees International Union, until now the largest union in the labor federation.
The split was sealed on Monday when Mr. Stern and James P. Hoffa, president of the Teamsters, announced that they were pulling their two unions out of the A.F.L.-C.I.O., just as the federation was beginning its 50th anniversary convention here.
Mr. Stern, 54, who is known for his eloquence, drive and impatience, had for months been pushing his membership, and the leaders and members of other unions, to break away, in a move he insists is needed to reinvigorate labor.
Deepening the rift, two other major unions, the United Food and Commercial Workers and Unite Here, which represents apparel, hotel and restaurant employees, are boycotting the convention and have indicated that they would also leave.
"We are in the midst of the most significant and profound transformative moment in economic history, and workers are suffering," Mr. Stern said at a news conference. "Our goal is not to divide the labor movement, but to rebuild it so working people can once again achieve the American dream."
Mr. Sweeney and Mr. Stern both say their overarching goal is to lift American workers, but they have different visions on how to get there. Mr. Sweeney, 71, has led the federation for a decade and prefers to work by consensus, nudging the federation''s unions to do more organizing. But many have dragged their feet, and Mr. Sweeney says federation rules bar him from punishing them. For him, cooperation and solidarity are paramount.
Mr. Stern, on the other hand, wants far more aggressive recruitment efforts and the ability to crack down on labor leaders who fall short of organizing goals. Mr. Stern and his allies have called for rebating half the federation''s budget to individual unions to spur organizing, but Mr. Sweeney protests that such a move would cripple the federation''s efforts in political campaigns, job safety and other areas.
While Mr. Stern and his allies say their walkout is based on fundamental principles about what is the best course to help American workers and unions, their move has generated huge resentment and anger among other labor leaders. While Mr. Stern says he is charting a much-needed, more aggressive course for labor, other union leaders accuse him of a power grab and fault him for repeatedly rejecting Mr. Sweeney''s offers of compromise.
"It is a grievous insult to all the unions that helped us," Mr. Sweeney said in his keynote speech to the convention. "But most of all, it is a tragedy for working people. Because at a time when our corporate and conservative adversaries have created the most powerful antiworker political machine in the history of our country, a divided movement hurts the hopes of working families for a better life."
Then, in a statement that won rousing applause and that many union leaders said was directed at Mr. Stern in particular, Mr. Sweeney said: "And that makes me very angry. The labor movement belongs to all of us, every worker, and our future should not be dictated by the demands of any groups or the ambitions of any individual."
The pullout by the two giant unions is a major blow to the federation, which until Monday had 56 unions and 13 million members. The departure of the Service Employees International Union, with 1.8 million members, and the Teamsters, with 1.4 million, takes away about one-fourth of the A.F.L.-C.I.O. membership. Those members paid about $20 million a year in dues, representing one-sixth of the federation''s budget.
Standing alongside Mr. Stern at a news conference, Mr. Hoffa seemed to share his impatience. "What was done at the A.F.L.-C.I.O. was not working," he said. "We''re going to do something new. That is our message."
The service employees'' departure is a particular slap at Mr. Sweeney because it is a union that he headed before becoming the A.F.L.-C.I.O.''s president.
In recent months, Mr. Stern has voiced impatience that the labor federation and other unions have had so little success in recruiting members, while his union has jumped to 1.1 million members, from 900,000 a decade ago. That reflects the rapid growth in the service sector, for instance among janitors and nursing home aides, and also reflects the successful unionization tactics of his union.
Many union leaders agree that Mr. Stern has been emboldened to go his own way because of the service employees'' singular success in organizing and because of the explosion in the service sector.
At the news conference, Mr. Stern said, "Today, S.E.I.U. is respectfully making its own choice to go in a different direction that we believe will work for working people."
Many labor leaders have openly said that they attribute Mr. Stern''s departure to arrogance, to a "my way or the highway" approach and to a desire to head a new power bloc.
"This is not about change," said Leo Gerard, president of the United Steelworkers of America. "This is not about creating better lives for our children or grandchildren. This is nothing but a disguised power grab. They should be ashamed of it."
Officials involved in the negotiations that sought to prevent a schism said some union presidents so disliked Mr. Stern that they had pressured Mr. Sweeney not to grant meaningful compromises to him.
At the same time, Mr. Hoffa and Joe Hansen, the president of the food and commercial workers'' union, said Mr. Sweeney had shown far too little willingness to make compromises to prevent unions from quitting the federation.
One issue that separates the sides is how much of the federation''s money is spent on recruiting workers. Mr. Hoffa often asserted that the A.F.L.-C.I.O.''s leaders were spending too much on politics and not enough on organizing.
"They dramatically increased the amount of money to throw at politicians," Mr. Hoffa said on Monday.
But Mr. Sweeney and his allies argued that it was important for unions to spend generously to elect politicians who might help create a climate favorable to unions and union organizing.
Even as Mr. Stern and Mr. Hoffa seceded, they adopted some conciliatory language, saying their unions would not raid other unions to try to recruit workers. And with many Democrats and union officials worrying that the schism in labor would weaken labor''s effectiveness politically, Mr. Stern said he hoped to continue cooperating with the A.F.L.-C.I.O. on politics. Among Democrats, there is considerable fear that the labor split will undercut the A.F.L.-C.I.O.''s role as a highly effective coordinator for the nation''s unions in lobbying and political campaigns.
"There''s a lot of anxiety any time one of your principal allies is split, especially given the amount of resources that the other side has amassed against us," said David Axelrod, a Democratic consultant. "The White House, the Republican Party, would like nothing better than to put labor out of business as a political force."
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도키
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트랙백...으로 음악이나 선사. 40년 전에도, 지금도, 결국 희망이었던 걸까.부가 정보
joll
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도키: 희망이야말로 인간존재의 근거 아닐까? 그것이 돈 많이 버는 거든, 좋은 사람 만나 결혼하는 거든, 혁명이든.. 그거 없으면 사는 게 의미가 없잖아? ^^부가 정보
joll
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두가지 진척상황1) 뉴욕 교통당국과 시에서 불법파업의 책임을 묻는 재판을 신청하여 재판부에서 노조에 대해 파업 하루당 100만불, 그러니까 십억원이 넘는 벌금을 부과하기로 결정했음.
2) 이번 파업은 상급노조(TWU International)의 견해에 반하는 뉴욕 TWU의 결정이었는데, 오늘 국제노조에서 성명서를 발표하여 자신들은 불법파업을 지지하지 않으며 뉴욕 지하철/버스 노동자들이 당장 일터로 돌아갈 것을 요구함. 여기저기서 뉴욕 교통노조의 목을 죄여오고 있음.. -_-
조금전 tv에서 픔?팅?하는 노조원을 불러 상급노조에서 뉴욕 TWU의 파업을 지지하지 않는다는 성명?나왔다고, 어떻게 생각하냐고.. 그 노동자 하는 소리: 나는 국제 TWU의 누구도 선출한 적이 없다고, 나는 그리고 여기 있는 우리 모두는 우리가 우리 손으로 뽑은 뉴욕 TWU 투싼 위원장의 결정을 전폭적으로 ("with all our hearts") 지지한다고..
도키 덕에 반복해 듣고 있는 stevie wonder의 노래에 더해 참 마음 뭉클해지고 있다는..
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홍실이
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마침 날씨도 이렇게 추운데, 뉴욕 시민들이 교통편을 구하지 못해 나이트메어에 빠졌다는 호들갑스러운 소식과, 하루 손실이 백만불에 이른다는 뉴스가... 왜 파업하는지는 죽어도 이야기 안 해주고.... 영어로 한다는 차이만 있지, 마치 한국 뉴스를 듣는 듯한 착각에 빠졌답니다. ㅡ.ㅡ부가 정보
joll
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고정칼럼 쓰시는 홍실이님이신가요? 영광입니다. ^^필요한 정보 구하시려면 npr 들으세요. 파업 관련해서 좋은 토론 많습니다.
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도키
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오빠, 희망, 이라고 썼다가 지우고, 또 썼다가 지우고... 지우개가 나빠서(미국 도서관에 굴러 다니는 중국산 싸구려 연필 뒤에 달린 그 지우개 말이야) 공책이 뜯어졌어. 흑. 나쁜 상급단체, 유비쿼터스하네. 좀 있다가 nyt나 읽어봐야지.오빠, 연말에는 우리 화상챗이나 한번 해볼까요?
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